Individualism Vs Society, A Doll s House - 1589 Words

Individualism vs Society, â€Å"A Doll’s House† Struggle In the 19th century Victorian society, individuals were expected to follow strict generalized standards for what is considered, acceptable conduct. With his play, â€Å"A Doll’s House†, Ibsen captures conflicts, especially for women, to abide by the standards placed by society. While Nora the main character at first seems to fulfil her role as the perfect mother and wife, she is eventually divided between her obligations as a woman, and her need to express her true self. On the other hand, Nora’s husband Torvald, strictly abides by what society has deemed honorable and is only worried about the outside perception of himself. This relentless need to maintain a faà §ade impedes him to accept Nora’s rebellious actions; and fears that her actions will turn their family into outcasts of society. Ibsen portrays, through several characters in the play â€Å"A Doll’s House†, the struggle of individuals to express their original true self in a repressive Victorian society, while at the same time fulfill their societal expectations. Throughout the play, Nora experiences a metamorphosis that will change her perceptions of a fulfilled life. At first, Nora seems to be the perfect wife and mother of the Victorian society. She is eager to please her oppressive husband in every way that he wants and dutifully cares for her children. However, Rahman points out that â€Å"It’s a pretention of happiness and fulfillment, whereas her identity her true selfShow MoreRelatedThe Racism Of African Americans2803 Words   |  12 PagesAfrican American, you re more than likely far expelled from the African landmass and society. On the off chance that you utilize black or Negro you re helped to remember the racial implications of subjection, brought on by the racists of that time. 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Information Technology Strategy Free Essays

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY Introduction In today’s business environment, organizations are adopting the latest technologies in order to make the organization’s processes more organized and fruitful. There are several various technological tools that have been initiated through the information technology system, which has become very effective for organizations in order to compete in a proper manner. The Human Resource Information Management is one of the major tools from information technology, which is contributing effectively to the human resource functions of an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The human resource information management was, in the past, the human resource management system, which now has involved the information technology. There are many other information technology tools available for the organizations which has reduced the workload and increased the output of the organizations. B J Medical Consulting shall determine the use of information technology in the business organization environment. In addition to this, B J Medical will provide some brief information of the Cloud Technology concept and how it can contribute to the organizational processes and operations. Utilizing Technology for Businesses The growth in the field of the Internet, the globalization of trade, and the rise of information economies have changed the role of information technology in today’s business and management environment. Information technology can be defined as â€Å"the hardware, software, telecommunication database management and other technologies used to store, process and distribute information. † Through this the business organizations make their operations and processes easier and effective to have maximum growth and success. Information technology has bought many software and tools which reduce the workload of employees and increase their contribution for the organizations. The information technology includes various programs and tools such as information systems, network, and internet technology to name a few, which contributes effectively in today’s business organization environment. Organizations in today’s society are involving information technology in order to conduct their maximum work electronically and effortlessly. Information systems are designed to assist managers and orkers in their functions of sales, marketing, manufacturing, production, finance, accounting, and human resources, at all the major working levels of the organization. Through information technology, the managers and workers become more efficient and effective for organization (Laudon, 2004). The sales and marketing information systems helps an organization to identify the potential customers for its products or s ervices and contribute effectively in the development of products and services offered to meet customer’s needs. In addition to this, the sales and marketing system can promote the products and services, sell the products and services, and provide ongoing customer support after the purchase. The manufacturing and production systems majorly deal with the planning, development, and production of products and services and helps in management of the flow of production. The finance and accounting systems can keep track of the organization’s financial assets and fund flows. The human resources systems maintain employees records; track employees skills, job performance, and training; and support planning for employee compensation and career development. Through the aforementioned response it is clear that there is information system involvement in every part of the organization which is a very important aspect for the organizations and their functions (Burgess, 2002). Today business organizations are using various information technology tools to promote their product and services in various networks. Through e-mails and social media, organizations can reach a maximum number of customers. The social media and e-mails has become one of the very effective tools for promoting a product or service in specific market segments or customer segments. Today business organizations can organize various research programs with the help of technology in order to understand the market and customer needs, which ensure that they make the proper marketing strategies. Cloud Technology Concept The Cloud technology gives organizations the option of delivery of computing; a metered service rather than a product which keeps track of shared resources, software and information provided to computers and other devices over a network or service provide on the internet. The cloud technology provides computation, data access, software, and storage resources without demanding the cloud users to know the location or other major details of the Cloud computing infrastructure. Through this the cloud users can have required information and data in a less span of time and increase productivity. The end users of internet access the cloud services through cloud based applications through a web browser or a mobile application. An organization’s business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. The cloud technology application provides better performance and services to the users even though the software programs were installed locally on the business computers. The internal and external networks would work properly for the business organizations in order to provide better services to their consumers. The cloud technology would contribute effectively in solving various organizational issues in an effective and appropriate manner (Turban, 2007). The concept of cloud technology was initially adopted through Amazon. com, where the organization stored their various programs with the help of technology in order to serve its customers in a better and effective way. Today there are a lot of organizations which is implementing the cloud computing technology for their customers, which has increased the quality and performance of their services. Through this the business organizations attract maximum potential customers, which directly contributes to the growth and success of the organization. The Internet provides the primary technology infrastructure for electronic commerce, and electronic businesses. The Internet and other networks have made it possible for businesses to replace manual and paper based processes with the electronic flows of information. Electronic commerce is the process of buying and selling goods electronically with computerized business transaction using the Internet or other digital network technology. B J Medical Consulting would benefit with the use of Cloud technology for the present needs of the company and the possibilities of expansion in the future. Information Technology Planning Information technology is a kind of discipline in the information technology domain and is majorly concerned with the planning process for information technology investments and decision making processes. This process of management planning is quicker, flexible, and more aligned for information technology in an organization. Information technology planning has become a major concept which includes a strategic planning domain. The information technology planning adjusts plans to meet the major business needs of an organization. Without the information technology planning phase, information technology does not understand how it can contribute to the business strategies (Tsai, 2003). Today the security systems in information technology have developed at a fast rate in order to provide adequate security and safety to the business organizations implementing the information technology programs and tools. The major information technology tools can help companies to provide proper privacy to their confidential data and insure the security and privacy of major data resources and information stored on the web. The control process in information technology has become very effective for a business organization to have proper hold on their confidential information. Today’s companies require proper information technology concerns to be addressed in order to prevent any affecting issues such as security breaches or crashes in the system. Conclusion Information technology has changed the way people and businesses operate in today’s workforce. All types of business, both large and small, are using information systems, networks and Internet technology to make their business processes happen electronically while striving to achieve new levels of competitiveness, efficiency, and profitability. Through the information technology processes, the workplace has become more productive and errorless. This role of information technology in today’s business world and organizations will be a great asset to B J Medical Consulting to compete in today’s economy and business environment. References: Burgess S. (2002). Managing information technology in businesses: challenges and solutions. Idea Group Inc. Retrieved May 3, 2012 from website http://www. amazon. com/Managing-Information-Technology-Small-Business/dp/1930708351 Laudon, J. (2004). Management Information Systems, (8th Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Tsai H. (2003). Information technology and business process reengineering: new perspectives and strategies. Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved May 5, 2012 from website http://www. amazon. com/Information-Technology-Business-Process- reengineering/dp/1567206328 Turban J. (2007). Information Technology for Management: Transforming organizations in the digital economy, 4Th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved May7, 2012 from website http://www. amazon. com/Information-Technology-Management-Transforming-Organizations/dp/0471705225 How to cite Information Technology Strategy, Essay examples

Promote Recovery Culturally Diverse Groups â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Promote Recovery Culturally Diverse Groups? Answer: Introducation The aim of the article is to review the literature process of evaluating various reduction of stigma related to the mental health illness. This was designed in the manner that an integrated search was conducted of the English language literature between the years 1998 to 2008 by using CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Scopus and PsychINFO databases. The outcome of the review declared that the evidence-based data could always be used in the cases of the mental health cases. The major strength of this case is that the clinical trials hold promise for providing the same situations. The strategies related to education served as a useful method to reduce various stigmas and bring about a change in the behavior and aim towards a positive change. These are associated with the change related to mental illness. The stigma reduction programs are mainly targeted towards the adolescent and the elderly people. The weakness is that there is no major change found in the stigma related studies and limited re search has been provided in this case. Kang, H., An, S. (2013). How direct-to-consumer drug websites convey disease information: Analysis of stigma-reducing components.Journal of health communication,18(12), 1477-1491. The major aim of the article is to analyze the role played by the internet in serving information of the health information. Further, in the journal an evaluation has been done of the condition whether the direct-to-customer prescriptions drug websites for the stigmatized illness contains the reducing components of stigma. The components are like the onset controllability, the offset controllability and the recategorization. By doing a detailed survey, the negative thing that has been found that on the first level no direct information has been given on the home page. In the second level, all the three components were prevalent but still it was not that much available. Limited information was available about the recovery of the stigma-reduction procedure. the positive thing about the research is that there is huge scope for the same and efforts are being made to evaluate the problem. Wiens, T. K., Walker, L. J. (2015). The chronic disease concept of addiction: helpful or harmful?.Addiction research theory,23(4), 309-321. The socially deviant behavior is thought to be the result of certain mental illness. This is because of the addiction towards something. The primary aims of the article are to analyze this factor and present certain views on this. The reason for this addiction stated in the article is the disease for the addiction, it can also be the psychological reason and it can be the reason of the neutral control condition. Some participants were recruited online to analyze the problems and the reasons. According to the participants, the disease model reason of addiction hinted towards weaker perceptions of the drinking-habit. On the other, hand the psychological conditions of the addiction increased in greater amounts. The feeling of shame and stigma was relative to the condition of control. The article opines that the idea that the framing addiction within the biological conceptualization, which is opposed by the psychological framework tends to weaken the idea of agency in relation to consumi ng alcohol. This is the positive aspect of the research. Casados, A. T. (2017). Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness: Current Approaches and Future Directions.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. The aim of this article is to view the ways of reducing the stigma and the reasons of the occurrence of the same. The stigma of the mental illness curbs the use of the treatment and it might increase the existing social and the psychological burden, which is forced by the symptoms of the mental illness. There are many structural limitations of it, which may serve as the stop of the progress in this situation. Much research is required in this area which will intend to improve the psychological distress suffered by many people. This is the major pitfall of the research. The positive aspect however is the viewpoints of people have started changing. White, R. G., Ramachandran, P., Kumar, S. (2017). Addressing Mental Health-related Stigma in a Global Context. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Sociocultural Perspectives on Global Mental Health(pp. 257-283). Palgrave Macmillan UK. The aim of the article is to concentrate on the global implication of the stigma related mental health. The initiative taken by the Global Mental Health has focused the requirement to decrease the mental-health related stigma globally. This particular chapter continues the findings of the research to emphasize the impact that stigma has on the lives different individuals. There is a relationship between stigma and the explanations. It consists of those explanations that people have regarding the need of the difficulties related to the mental health. However, it covers the learning of the stakeholders in high-income countries who promised to offer means to reduce mental health related stigma. The major strength of the research is that the stakeholders are playing major roles in focusing on the problems. Mizock, L., Russinova, Z. (2016).Acceptance of Mental Illness: Promoting Recovery Among Culturally Diverse Groups. Oxford University Press. The primary aim of the mentioned book is to study the process of recovery from the stigma of the mental-health related disease. The disease differs from culture to culture and it varies in different society. It includes the history of the treatment and the recovery from the disease. It further emphasizes on the global acceptance of the disease. The presence of stigma in the females is known as the intersectional stigma and in the men is known as the masculinity and mental health stigma. References Casados, A. T. (2017). Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness: Current Approaches and Future Directions.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. Dalky, H. F. (2012). Mental illness stigma reduction interventions: Review of intervention trials.Western Journal of Nursing Research,34(4), 520-547. Kang, H., An, S. (2013). How direct-to-consumer drug websites convey disease information: Analysis of stigma-reducing components.Journal of health communication,18(12), 1477-1491. Mizock, L., Russinova, Z. (2016).Acceptance of Mental Illness: Promoting Recovery Among Culturally Diverse Groups. Oxford University Press. White, R. G., Ramachandran, P., Kumar, S. (2017). Addressing Mental Health-related Stigma in a Global Context. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Sociocultural Perspectives on Global Mental Health(pp. 257-283). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Wiens, T. K., Walker, L. J. (2015). The chronic disease concept of addiction: helpful or harmful?.Addiction research theory,23(4), 309-321.

Smoking Bans in US

Smoking is a widespread habit that causes many diseases. The issue of whether to ban smoking indoors by the governments of various countries is popular as they try to take a step towards curbing the harmful effects of smoking. People support smoking bans because they understand the harmful effects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smoking Bans in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some governments have put in place partial smoking bans, and others have passed total smoking bans. This literature review will focus on the whether the United States government should pass a nationwide indoor smoking ban. The difference between partial and total smoking bans. Moreover, smoking at workplaces. Wye, Bowman, Wiggers, Baker, Knight, Carr, et al (2010) says in Australia smoking is the leading cause of disease burden. The rate of smoking is very high among patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, and many of th em succumb to smoking related illnesses than their counterparts without the disorders. Total smoking ban is better than partial smoking ban because it protects non smokers from the effects of secondary smoke. The smokers find that they have to cut down the number of cigarettes they smoke in a day as long as they are in total ban smoking areas. The total smoking ban may encourage them to give up the habit. Whereas, partial smoking ban may paint the picture that smoking is fine as long as one does so in a designated area. Yet, the harmful effects continue to undermine their health. For instance, in a mental health facility that practices total smoking ban treatments for nicotine dependence are high unlike in those that have partial bans. For total smoking ban to be successful all the stakeholders in a health institution or in a country need to be included in the strategy. The inclusion of people in implementing the total smoking ban will lead to acceptance and compliance. If the stake holders are not included some will be hostile to the smoking ban, and it might not be successful. However, there is limitation in findings of prior researches on staffs’ view on the issue of total smoking bans in mental health institutions.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The attitude towards smoking in the workplace is mainly negative (Walsh Paul, Paras, Stacey, Tzelepis, et al, 2011). Studies show that many people prefer if employees did not smoke at their workplaces. Many workplaces have implemented a total smoking ban. Many employees are okay with the ban because they do not like their smoking colleagues exposing them to secondary smoke. Moreover, employees waste time during working hours as they take a break to go. and smoke. The breaks affect their productivity hence they do not give their best to their employers. Thus, there is a negative attitude towards workers smoking in their work places. Therefore, one will not see many people smoking at the workplaces openly because of the negative attitude, but will see them smoking outside for instance in parks, bus or rail stops, and home. On the other hand, we have the partial smoking bans. Some governments have passed partial smoking bans to cut down on the cost of smoking both in social, and health terms. The introduction of the bans is not old and many countries such as the United States have taken a step to look into the effects of secondary smoke to people. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention was given the responsibility of studying the effects of secondhand smoke. The findings showed that the number of people suffering from heart attacks decreased. However, there is still no concrete evidence to support that short time exposure to secondary smoke leads to an increase in suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Secondhand smoke has been shown to cause problems to individuals a round the smoker and hence partial bans do not protect the people in the same environment as the smoker. For instance, some hotels and bars have smoking areas, but people near those areas are still exposed to the harmful effects of the secondary smoke. Some studies have been done to examine if partial smoking bans are effective than total smoking bans, and the pros and cons of each (Hofmann Nell, 2012). However, there is no conclusive study about which type of ban is better, but the bottom line is that smoking bans improve the welfare of the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smoking Bans in US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, the United States government should pass a nationwide indoors smoking ban because the harmful effects of smoking cannot be underestimated. The number of people suffering from smoke related diseases is high thus an indoor smoking ban can help to reduce the num bers. Moreover, many people seem to be in agreement that smoking indoors, and exposing the other people to secondary smoke is not good. Hence many would support the indoors smoking ban. The government needs to make a concerted effort to enforce laws against indoor smoking to protect its citizens from the negative effects of smoking, and ease the burden on the health sector. More importantly, the government should bring all the stakeholders on board so that they can support the indoor smoking ban, and avoid law suits by those who feel that the ban may be infringing on their personal freedoms. Besides, the population should be sensitized about the harmful effects of firsthand and secondhand smoke so that they can embrace the smoking bans and in the process deter those who are considering taking up the habit, and encourage those who smoke to quit. Reference List Hofmann, A., Nell, M. (2012). Smoking bans and the secondhand smoking problem: An economic analysis. The European Journal Of Health  Economics, 13(3), 227-236. doi:10.1007/s10198-011-0341-z Walsh, R., Paul, C., Paras, L., Stacey, F., Tzelepis, F. (2011). Workplace- related smoking in New South Wales: extent of bans, public attitudes and relationships with relapse. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 22(2), 85- 90. Wye, P., Bowman, J., Wiggers, J., Baker, A., Knight, J., Carr, V., †¦ Clancy, R. (2010). Total smoking bans in psychiatric inpatient services: a survey of perceived benefits, barriers and support among staff. BMC Public Health,  10372-382. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-372Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Smoking Bans in US was written and submitted by user Fant0mex to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Beowulf Essays (384 words) - Beowulf, Geats, English-language Films

Beowulf Essays (384 words) - Beowulf, Geats, English-language Films Beowulf Mythical monsters with great powers that get killed by human men are a typical theme in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon poem translated by Burton Raffel. Three Anglo-Saxon ideals that are portrayed in Beowulf are strength of warriors, boasting of brave deeds, and the belief in the super natural. First, one of the ideals exhibited in Beowulf is physical strength. In Beowulf, Beowulf , the hero from Geatland, exerts the most physical strength. Beowulf doesn't want to use a sword while fighting Grendel. During the fight, Grendel "?twisted in pain, And the bleeding sinews deep in his shoulder \Snapped, muscle and bone split \And broke."(467-470) as Beowulf pulls grendel's arm right out of it's socket. Another example of strength is when Grendel "?Tore it's iron fasteners with a touch?"(375) at Herot's gates. Finally, when Grendel goes into Herot and slashes and kills thirty men, it shows Grendel's great power. Also, there is a great amount of strength during the battle with Beowulf and Grendel's mother. Another ideal portrayed in Beowulf is the right to boast. When the poem talks about Hrothgar's building, that it "?reaches higher toward Heaven then anything \That had ever been known to the sons of men?"(6-7), shows Hrothgar's with his riches. Boasting about not needing to use a weapon, Beowulf values to kill Grendel with his bare hands. The biggest amount of boasting in the poem also came from Beowulf when he arrives at Herot. Telling Hrothgar how many monsters he has killed. Finally, the belief in the supernatural is another ideal in Beowulf. When Beowulf arrives he tells the stories about the sea monsters he fault. When he was done fighting with the sea monsters they were "Left floating lifeless in the sea."(279). There is also Grendel, the main monster in Beowulf, with claws and a bloodthirsty appetite. Last there was Grendel's mother, who comes to avenge of her son. She lives underwater. Grendel's mother kills Beowulf. As shown in my writing, three Anglo-Saxon ideals that are portrayed in Beowulf, are strength of warriors, boasting of brave deeds, and the belief in the super natural. These ideals are common in the majority of Anglo-Saxon writings. If you like crazy monsters and heroes then read some Anglo-Saxon poetry.

Analysing the Common Conception that Power Requires Violence and Viceversa

For example, it is widely believed that power and violence form an interrelated relationship, such as people need to exercise violence, just as violence is required to gain power. It is the same as violence. As Mao explains once, Power comes from barrels (Arendt 1972, 113). This article is meant to question this common concept and its discourse. First of all, through Marx, Weber's work to define violence and power, and violence and power cast doubt on what they believe to be two different things. The third violence theory of these articles distinguish between violence and power. Arendt claims that the two concepts are actually opposite though the left and right theorists regard violence as an expression of extreme power. As voluntary compliance supersedes, power comes from collective will and does not require violence to achieve one of its objectives. When the government begins to lose its legitimacy, violence becomes an artificial means for the same purpose, and therefore it can onl y be found without power. Bureaucracy was then defined as an unmanned opponent, and hence reestablished missing relationships with the people they dominated, and thus became the source of ideal violence. Violence brings pain, but violence is not always seen. Understanding traditional violence follows the general approach of showing violence in the form of physical injuries or injuries. The concept of structural violence has been used in the Marxist theorist's vocabulary in analyzing the relationship of class structure, power and labor exploitation. Regardless of whether these people encountered ideologies or beliefs, they are drawn as enemies without even knowing their status. Flaherty painted Narok as a barbarian and drew this hegemonic power. The locals are restricted to one reality, only distorted and reflect only a fraction of the truth, the attacker 's approach seems to be racial discrimination and paranoia. Hegemony is the concept of leadership or control proposed by the rulin g class. In today's society, people think that supremacy is common sense. It is the cultural power proposed by the authorities, not traditional violence or power. The theory was developed by Marxist theory and Antonio Gramsci. Hegemism is based on the Marxist ruling class and the working class theory. Hegemony can be defined as social anomalies. For example, the cultural structure is dominated by the dominant class and is communicated to the working class as common sense. Hegemony is a tool for socially powerful people to exploit cultural influences to adapt classes that are less powerful to a particular social structure or culture, in order to achieve the best interests of powerful people.

Discuss the performance and effectiveness of Franklin D. Roosevelt Essay

Discuss the performance and effectiveness of Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) as commander-in-chief during the Second World War and how he developed his relationship with the U.S. Armed Forces - Essay Example Roosevelt was the commander in chief of the armed forces of United States. He was held responsible of the industrial might of the state. His roles were enormous in the establishment of the United Nations. Franklin D. Roosevelt always had people behind him during times of war and peace. Some of the methods that Roosevelt applied drew various perspectives on the integrity of his administration. During World War 2, the president ordered the American industry to manufacture large quantities of war equipments. He ordered 18 million tons of shipping, 185,000 planes and 120,000 tanks. The equipments were to be produced within two years. Roosevelt also expanded the number of servicemen in the armed forces and the number reached 11 million.1 The American navy was also integrated and expanded to form complex force that was bigger than the rest combined. Employees in the armed forces were increased to 65 million. Roosevelt encouraged civilians to join the armed forces by having all his sons in the forces. John and Franklin, Jr were in the Navy; James was in the Marines and Elliott in the Army Air Force. The armed forces of United States therefore gained confidence with the president. Franklin D. Roosevelt took interest in agencies that managed war among countries allied to United States. Roosevelt met with Churchill together with their military men and chiefs. The consequence of the meeting was the2 formation of the combined chiefs of staff that planned and managed British and American forces. The combined team allocated ammunitions, controlled military intelligence and communications and also administered the areas that had been conquered. There was also a board that administered industrial resources of the three countries. The raw materials board also managed the supplies among the three states.2 Coordinated management led to the success of the forces and great attribution was made to the president. Franklin D. Roosevelt was concerned with the unity of the

Campaign Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Campaign Finance - Coursework Example Campaign Finance comes through many different avenues, from single-person donations to contributions from big and small corporations and political special interest groups. These days it’s impossible to run for any position without money for travel, ads, and â€Å"get-out-the-vote† campaigns. The only way someone without the financial clout of Ross Perot can go toe-to-toe with the â€Å"big boys† is by joining one of the two main parties: the Democrats and the Republicans. Without the reach, both financially and politically, of these two parties, the odds are squarely against you. True, the occasional â€Å"independent† might win a seat on Congress, but how many independents do you know that won a seat who weren’t former members of one of the parties?So, the first step in financing a campaign is joining a party—unless, of course, you’re Ross Perot. But even he ended up getting squashed in the end through other, more political, methods.C ampaign finance is categorized in two ways: â€Å"hard money† and â€Å"soft money†. Hard money is â€Å"donations made directly to political candidates.† (Wikipedia: â€Å"Campaign Finance in the United States†, paragraph 2) These direct donations come from organizations, individuals, and (you guessed it) the political parties. â€Å"Soft† money is money that isn’t received or spent by the candidate’s campaign but spent by individuals/organizations for political advertisements (often made by the said individual/organization) for a favored candidate’s position or attacks on his opponents. More or less, â€Å"hard† money is donated to a campaign for the candidate to spend while â€Å"soft† money isn’t donated, just spent. There’s a fine line between the two that has more to do with semantics than the action, itself. While there’s a limit on how much â€Å"hard† money can be sent to a can didate, there is no limit on how much â€Å"soft† money his political allies can volunteer to spend on his behalf.  

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany Essay Example for Free

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Delany Essay The following information for this biopsychosocial assessment of Dra. Annie Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Delany was found from the autobiography of Bessie and her sister, Sadie (Delany, Delany, Hearth, 1993). Bessie Delany was born in 1891, she is the third daughter of Henry and Nanny Delany. she studied at Columbia University and she became the second female dentists in New York. In that time the segregation, violence, and discrimination took a big part of Delany family, and her parent had a very difficult time raising their family. Bessie and her parents were involved in politics social activism known as the civil movement. Bessie’s parents were an example of life for their children and others in their community. By being a family who succeeded in life. In those days, white people thought that the success for black was waste of time since at that time it was unusual for black people to become successful in their life’s. sheets (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993). In the book, â€Å"Having Our Say†, Bessie and Sadie Delany reflect on their personal, professional, and social experiences. Both Bessie and Sadie would be considered in Older Adulthood as defined by Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2010). At the time that the book was written, Bessie was criticizing the positive and negative. She often got upset as she sees that people were doing the right things. Bessie was the younger of the two sisters, she was a leader, her personality showed anger comparing to her sister that she was very calm. Bessie was reliant on her sister Sadie. For example, Bessie didn’t have a pension and depended upon Sadie’s Board of Education pension to live throughout retirement. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993). Biological Issues During the adulthood stage, people have many biological issues like when a person reaches this point in life they begin to face aging problems. One of those issues is the senescence that an individual is affected in different parts of the body, at various rates due to some parts of the body being stronger and resist aging. Older people regularly suffer the most visible effects of physical appearances, like shakiness of the hands and legs. Problems with bodily coordination, shoulder struggles, reduced agility, an increase in wrinkles of the skin, and the slowdown of the Psychomotor skills all occur currently (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588-589-590 According to the textbook, Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment, the slowdown of the Psychomotor skill specifies that the central nervous system is slowing down the information processing. Older people may come across problems such as difficulty remembering things as well as learning or retaining new information from memory. Problems can arise in certain activities such as driving a car. This can cause an increase in the risk of accidents while they drive. Even in older adulthood, however, if an individual has a healthy physical and mental state, Psychomotor skills can be highly functioning, and the person doesn’t have to have these challenges. Not everyone ages at the same rate, this is true for biological functioning (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pp. 588-590). Bessie Delany’s Biological Development Based on descriptions of Bessie in the book, there are a few of examples that may show signs of aging in her adult biological development. Bessie was walking along with her sister and mother when a boy called them â€Å"grandmas† because of their grey hair, slow movements, and wrinkles (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, p. 250). Her body showed her that her youth was gone because they were walking slowly as elders do. Bessie stopped driving a vehicle because of her body changes as her hand movements are diminished, reflexes are different from when she was young. Because of her age, Bessie had also stopped cutting her trees. She did not feel confident to be climbing a ladder and utilized sheets (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). Assess Bessie’s Development Normal or Healthy? Yes, Bessie’s biological development was healthy because she still functioned at a high level. She always ate healthily, ate different vegetables every day, and they also included fruits and vitamins. Usually, in her daily routine, she took Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, as well as minerals and zinc. Bessie participated in exercises such as yoga, and she also enjoyed cultivating their garden that helped to maintain mental and active physical conditions. Identified Biological Strengths. Bessie had many strengths, despite her age, and she did not lose her vision. She was very independent, motivates her father to become a professional. Her professional goal became a dentist. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). She decides to be a professional instead of being a mother. She had a very strong character, where she didn’t like what she sees, she will protest, especially when she suffered racial attacks. She had a great memory. As she could remember her early childhood. (Delaney, Delaney, Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 289). Bessie’s Biological Needs Bessie did not have any outstanding biologicals needs, she was healthy at the age of 101 years old. Reference Delaney, Sarah L., Delaney, Annie Elizabeth, Hill-Hearth, Amy (1993). Having our Say. The Delany Sister’ First 100 years. N. Y. New York. Dell Publishing a Division of Random House, Inc. Zastrow, Charles H. Kirst-Ashman Karen, K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and Social Environment. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning

Assisi :: essays research papers

Critical Evaluation-Assisi A poem that I have been studying recently is Assisi by Norman McCaig, which I found very interesting to read because it made a statement which relates to our world today even though the poem was wrote about thirty or forty years ago. The poem has lots of ideas including effective figures of speech, good choice of words, important images and irony. The statement that McCaig makes is, where ever there is great wealth it always exists along side great poverty. The poem is set in Assisi in Italy around the 1970’s were all the rich tourists are coming in hundreds from all different countries far and wide to see the frescoes painted by Giotto in Assisi’s huge cathedral. McCaig mainly focuses on the dwarf outside of the three-tier cathedral built in honour of St. Francis. McCaig then proceeds to the priest guiding the tourists around the cathedral telling them the history of Giotto’s frescoes and how they individually teach people the goodness of God and the suffering of his son. McCaig uses effective littery techniques to describe the tourists and to describe the dwarf. He then goes on to explain that the tourists are not studying the frescoes and are just there to boast about being there. Then he goes on to tell of the dwarfs voice when he says â€Å"Grazie† for the money one of the tourists have given to him outside the cathedral. McCaig uses juxtaposition by situating the dwarf outside of the huge three tier cathedral. McCaig also refers to the dwarf as a â€Å"ruined temple†. By saying this he creates a huge contrast between the dwarf and the cathedral, he also uses irony to compare the dwarf to St. Francis were he says: â€Å"Outside the three tiers of churches built in honour of St. Francis, brother of the poor, talker with birds, over whom he had the advantage of not being dead yet.† This is saying that the dwarf had an advantage over one group of people, the dead. I think that it was a good idea to situate the dwarf outside the huge cathedral and create the image of a great, strong, beautifully designed building standing over a small, weak, deformed person. McCaig gives the reader a graphic description of the dwarf in both stanzas 1 and 3 where he uses many littery techniques to describe the dwarf. In stanza 1 he uses alliteration, simile and metaphor to give the reader a graphic view of the dwarfs deformed body:

Cultivation Analysis: an Overview

Cultivation Analysis: On Overview The complete scope of the effects that new media mediums, in particular television, have had on culture and individuals in society are hard to identify. However, it would be hard to argue that television has had no impact on society and how individuals form their values, beliefs, cultural identity and social norms. Cultivation Analysis is a leading theory that explains how television has shaped individual’s and society’s perspective on reality, truths and the world in general.The theory was developed over a number of years by George Gerbner and his colleague Larry Goss at the University of Pennsylvania while they were researching the cultivated impacts that television has on viewers. Gerbner and Goss found that the more time individuals â€Å"live† in a televised world the more they perceive the world television portrays as reality. Gerbner states in his more recent research that television is to the modern world what religion wa s to earlier generations (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).The theory of Cultivation Analysis traces back to the Cultural Indicators Project in 1967 and 1968. The study was for the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. The study was sponsored by the U. S. Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, the National Institute of Mental Health, The White House Office of Telecommunications Policy, the American Medical Association, the U. S. Administration on Aging, and the National Science Foundation. Gerbner was the lead theorist of the study.Gerbner and his team investigated the extent to which television contributed to viewers’ ideas and perspectives on gender, minority and age-role stereotypes, health, science, the family, education, politics, religion and several other topics. The Cultural Indicators Project involved a three-pronged research strategy. The first prong, called institutional process analysis, was designed to investigate how policies directing the massive flow of media were developed. The second prong is an on-going research project that has recorded weeklong samples of U. S. etwork television dramas. A content analysis of the samples is done in order to classify trends and themes in the world that television presents to its viewers. The third prong deals with examining the responses to questions about social reality among individuals with varying amounts of television exposure. The three prongs used in the Cultural Indicators Project were used to help Gerbner and Goss do research for the development of Cultivation Analysis (Gerbner, 1998). Providing explanation for the terminology used in Cultivation Analysis is crucial to understand the theory.Gerbner uses the concept of â€Å"cultivation† to refer to the independent contribution that television has on its viewers as they make sense of social reality. The term â€Å"cultivation differential† refers to the marginal diff erence between heavy and light television viewers and their conception of social reality. The term cultivation cannot simply be substituted for â€Å"effects. † Cultivation also does not imply a one-way process. The cultivation process explains that there is an interaction between the medium, television, and its publics, television viewers.Television does not simply just create or reflect certain images, opinions or beliefs but rather is an integral aspect of a dynamic process. Institutions that control the creation and distribution of the mass-produced messages on television use the institution’s needs and objectives to shape the views, values and ideas expressed. Gerbner refers to cultivation as a gravitational process. The process depends on where groups of viewers are, viewers style of life and the strength of their personal beliefs, values and view of social reality (Gerbner & Goss, 1976).Cultivation Analysis begins with a message system analysis that identifies t he most recurring, stable and overarching patterns in television content. They are the messages in television that are presented as a system rather than as a specific message in a particular program. Using standard techniques of survey methodology, questions are then posed to sample groups of adults, teens and/or children. Multiple indicators determine the amount of time spent watching television. The difference between heavy and light viewing is made on a case-by-case basis.Cultivation is also dependent on how much television’s messages dominate viewers’ sources of information. The process of mainstreaming stands out as both an indicator of differential vulnerability and as a general pattern that represents the consequences of living with television (Gerbner, 1998). In 1976, George Gerbner and Larry Goss discuss the findings of Cultivation Analysis, which helped with the development of the theory. Gerbner and Goss found differences between symbolic reality and indepen dently observable reality. For example, they found that television underrepresents elderly people (when at the time the lderly population was the fastest growing). They found that the facts of the television world are learned quite well, regardless of whether the viewer believes what they see on television and claim to be able to distinguish between factual and fictional presentations. In this essay, they develop the term â€Å"mean world syndrome. † The term means that heavy viewers of television believe the world to be much more violent and dangerous than in reality. This is a good example of what the theory of cultivation analysis represents. If people are exposed to high amounts of television, it causes them to have a false sense of reality.In television, half of all majors characters encounter a violent action each week, when in reality the FBI reported that only one percent of people in the United States are victims of criminal violence (Gerbner & Goss, 1976). Cultivati on Analysis is a complex and dynamic process. The theory can be defined as the assumption that television cultivates facts, norms and values of society that are in reality, untrue. Cultivation Analysis focuses on the consequences of long-term exposure to the messages, stories and images presented in television.Cultivation Analysis should not be seen as a substitute, but as a complement to traditional approaches to media effects. It concentrates on the powerful and lasting effects of growing up in an era of television. The theory is still being challenged, confirmed, added to and expanded on by many theorist and scholars in the fields of communication and psychology (Gerbner, 1998). References: Gerbner, G. (1998). Cultivation analysis: An overview. Mass Communications & Society, 3(4), 175-194. Gerbner, G. , & Goss, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communications, 26(2), 172-194.

Junk food Essay

Creating a healthier living environment may be able reduce obesity and other things that may occur from drinking sugary drinks. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg of New York City decided in 2012 that he wanted to restrict the amount of purchases on sugary drinks. His idea was to limit the product to being no more than 16 ounces sold at places other than grocery or convenient stores. This ban was scheduled to go in effect in 2013. Could it really make a difference? Many people feel the government should not be allowed take away the people’s freewill to choose how much sugar drinks one should drink, but rather people should have the right to choose, because sugar drinks many not be the cause of obesity. Many people are in debate about this ban to stop the purchase in restaurants and little quick stands of selling nothing over 16 ounces. In the article, â€Å"Junk Food: should the government regulate our intake, it was stated, â€Å"Michael Bloomberg, however, is overreaching with his new plan to ban the sale of sugary drinks larger than sixteen ounces, He argues that prohibiting big drinks at restaurants, movie theaters, stadiums, and other food sellers can help combat obesity. But as he admits, customers can get around the ban by purchasing two drinks (page 582). Meaning if one decides he or she wants more of a sugary drink, a person can always purchase another cup or bottle of 16 ounces at any given time to get around the ban. With ways to get around this ban the control of sugary drinks is not helpful and will not stop obesity. Another author (Mr. Gary Taustine) states, â€Å"Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s effort to promote healthier life-styles is commendable, but the government has no right whatsoever to go beyond promotion to enforcement. You can’t reduce obesity with smaller cups any more than you can reduce gun violence with smaller bullets†. (Page 582) Next, by trying to ban the sale of 16 ounce sugar drinks in places other than stores takes away from the choice of free will. Mr. Daniel Lieberman states, â€Å"People have certain rights, this argument goes, including the rights to drinks lots of soda, to eat junk food, to gain weight, and to avoid exercise†(page585). People should have the right to freewill. Freewill is the ability or discretion to choose; free choice. As human society a person should be allowed to choose how much he or she wants  to drink without any lim its. This is because it is going his or her body not the government’s. Another factor that people need to look into is genetics. According to the www.cdc.gov/features/obesity/, some obesity comes from the people’s genetic makeup. The doctors like to call this the family history. Families with a history of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and etc, are proven to have more obesity in their family. Therefore, the cause is genetic. Some start the trend by the rich calorie intake they consume. Some people may do everything to try to cut back on obesity. Some are successful and others follow their genetic makeup. However, the fact that limiting the sale of 16 ounce sugar drinks will not cut down on obesity. It is proven that some people just have obesity in their genes. It is understood why the government would like to cut back on obesity. Mark Bittman feels the government needs to educate the people. He feels if people cut the cost on healthy foods and raise prices on junk foods or sugary drinks, that this will save money in the long run. By cutting cost on healthier foods and making them more economic, people will buy more and less of junk foods and sugary drinks. He argues that if the cost is better for foods that are healthy it will cut back on obesity and save in health care cost in the long run. Right now, it appears that the unhealthy foods are more economic and easier to choose. This is why so many people are obese. He feels that people will be able to make better c hoices if the prices were lowered. Finally, he feels that it is the government responsibility for public health. By cutting back on sugary drinks being sold in restaurants and other places, such as movies and concession stands, it will not stop obesity or cut down on the risk. Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg is all for a healthier living life style. The people of New York is note not doubting this at all, but to think that he can cut down on obesity by limiting the amount of ounces sold is not the way to go. As there are many ways to get around this ban. Especially, if the restaurants has free refills, this may be difficult to monitor. It may also be a bit of an inconvenience as well to the people. This is because they will have to spend more for a product that they are custom to by having to buy more amounts of the product, instead of one bigger cup or bottle. People have the right to choose how much they want to intake. The government should not be allowed to limit the consumption of sugary drinks, because it is the  people’s right to freewill. Serving smaller cups does not cut down on obesity because sometimes obesity is genetic. Therefore, having a healthier lifestyle may help with obesity, but enforcing a drink ban on sixteen ounce sugary drinks will not be effective. Work Cited Sylvan, Barnet & Bedau, Hugo editor Adam Whitehurts, Harold Chester and Karen S. Henry Current Issues and Enduring Questions 10 edition Bedford/St. Martin’s , 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005 Chapter 22 Junk Food: Should the Government Regulate our Intake? Anonymous Editorial, New York Times June 1, 2012 (page 582) Mark Bitterman, New York Times Essay reprint form July 24, 2011 (page 587) Daniel Liberman, New York Times June 6, 2012 (page 585) Gary Taustine, New York Times, June 1, 2012 (page 583) http://www.cdc.gov/features/obesity/, Article written January 19, 2010 , March 22, 2014

Motivation Motivation and daily Bases Essay

Motivation Motivation and daily Bases Essay Motivation: Motivation and daily Bases Essay MOTIVATION Motivation, as defined by Webster is the act of motivating (Merriam – Webster online). We are all motivated by five different approaches that include the following: Intrinsic, personal motivations that drive the individual to do something whether or not there is a reward. Extrinsic, drive a person to do something because of a reward. Instinct, biologically determined innate patterns of behavior. Need, a requirement of some material that is essential for survival. Drive reduction, theory approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal. Motivation drives you to move forward and cause you to do the things that do. We are all motivated by something in life. I often tell my co-workers that my children motivate me to come to work each day. I keep a picture of them at my desk, and when the job becomes stressful. I often start to question why I am there. I lo ok at their picture and it brings it all homes for me. This is what motivates me on a daily bases. We are all motivated by something whether it is money, power, success or family. We all have something that makes us continue to move forward in life. As a student the thing that motivates me the most is obtaining my degree and providing a better life for my three boys. This would be my positive emotion. I am a single parent, full-time student and I have full-time job. I often want to quit school on a daily bases. It is very hard to motivate myself sometimes to complete a discussion question or an assignment, however I think of the ends justifying the means overcomes all the stress and lack of

Why Cuxham Is Agrarian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Cuxham Is Agrarian - Essay Example Every society incorporates a dominant economic activity, which helps the communities to lead their lives in an effective manner. It is eminent to state that cultivation is noted to be one of the most important economic activities in the Agrarian society. During the medieval ages, most of the regions were boosting their economy by cultivating in huge areas of land. However, these types of economic activities are specifically observed in the Agrarian society. Since the Roman times, the concept of Agrarian society has its prominence in the social structure of the world. The major characteristic of the mediaeval European ages with respect to Cuxham village were food grain cultivation, agricultural production as well as grazing of life stock. Those are the major instances of the Agrarian social structure in the mediaeval Europe. In this regard, to explain the actual scenario of the social pyramid of Agrarian society, Cuxham village has been taken as example for explaining the underlying f eatures in an appropriate manner (Forgeng). Since the medieval ages, most of the people belonging to Cuxham are leading a regular village lifestyle that reflects the Agrarian society. The empirical evidences regarding numerous villages in England existing in the thirteenth century provide a certain level of information, which apparently supports Cuxham as an Agrarian society. In addition, there are two distinct issues that are observed within the agrarian society i.e., technological arrangements as well as social arrangements.

Lifespan Development and Personality Paper Essay - 1

Lifespan Development and Personality Paper - Essay Example In addition, alcohol, drugs such as cocaine, lead, pesticides can damage sperm and cause children wit congenital defects. If the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy, then the alcohol crosses the placenta and can result in children with ‘fetal alcohol syndrome’. The kind of diet that a mother takes, drugs, both legal and illegal would effect the later development of the infant. Mothers who have a healthy life style give birth to well formed babies with the right development of limbs and brains. Tobacco smoking by pregnant women is seen to cause premature babies that have low birth weight and increase in fetal deaths. Such children also show increased behavior abnormalities and cognitive problems. Motor development is mainly due to natural maturity but it can also be affected by environmental influences such as disease and neglect. Children with alcoholic mothers or ones who are neglected show lesser inclination to learn motor skills and may grow up with learning disa bilities and other problems. Piaget showed that an infants intellect is different from an adult and that an infant begins at a cognitively primitive level and that intellectual growth progresses in distinct stages, motivated by an innate need to know. Three major concepts are important: schemas, assimilation and accommodation. Schemas are cognitive structures or patterns consisting of a number of organized ideas that grow and differentiate with experience. Assimilation is the process of absorbing new information into existing schemas and accommodation is the process of adjusting old schemas or developing new ones to better fit with new information. In the first few weeks of life, an infant has multiple schemas based on the innate reflexes of sucking and grasping. These schemas are primarily motor and may be little more than stimulus and response mechanisms and soon other schemas emerge as the infant starts eating solid food. Assimilation and accommodation are the two major

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Final Exam - Essay Example Based on these theories, situational control and applying environmental factors to motivate the human resource while taking into account leader behaviors, employee characteristics and leadership effectiveness are integral components of leadership success. I therefore found that employing both the ideas of Fiedler and House depending on the situation would work. After all, the bottom line of these two theories of leadership is about understanding the prevailing situation and the probable actions necessary for the leaders to take. Personally, I always would make it a very important point to be extra sensitive to the actual situations in the future prior to motivating the human resource. After all, leadership is about influence (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010), so as a leader I need to understand the prevailing situations in order to create influential moves. So part of this move is to always make sure leaders should take into account their actual behaviors, understand the varying characteristics of their employees, and evaluate the effectiveness of their employed leadership. 2. Can managers be trained to be effective leaders? a.) Choose a leadership theory to support your answer. b.) Assuming you believe they can be trained, what would you include in your training program? (I have added a PowerPoint on Leadership that you might find helpful. Look in Course Documents.). Personally, I believe managers can be trained to be effective leaders as they always have a better chance to learn from the actual situations. What I am trying to point out is the idea based on situational leadership that goes beyond traits and styles (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). In situational leadership, leaders will always have a chance to evaluate prevailing situations making them more effective in their actual decision making, prior to building a strong

Law of evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law of evidence - Essay Example One example is the case of R v Cannings [2004], where the convictions for the murder of the defendant's sons were quashed on the basis of new medical evidence which discredited the expert witness at trial.2 Although the expert witness (a doctor) was a recognised professional in his field at the time, evidence later showed that his account of what he thought took place was actually fabricated and not backed by the evidence.3 Although the test at the time was passed, the actual quality of the evidence was controversial, so even in this case where the doctor was seemingly an expert at the time, his testimony proved to be damaging at trial. "The better and now more widely accepted view is that so long as a field is sufficiently well-established to pass the ordinary tests of relevance and reliability, then no enhanced test for admissibility should be applied, but the weight of the evidence should be established by the same adversarial forensic techniques applicable elsewhere."4 This test is the current common-law test in order to determine if expert testimony should be submitted. The case involved lip reading evidence being questioned as it is not an exact science or profession; the court held that this passed the test for relevance and reliability which is all that was needed to be allowed. Here, although the validity of the expert evidence was questioned, it proved to be accurate and sufficient. Another case which operated along these lines is that of R v Dallagher (Mark Anthony) [2002], which involved the admission of an ear-print expert who was brought in to analyse and compare an ear-print found at the crime scene with that of the defendant; the court held that although the field is relatively small, the expert was part of a group which were recognised within the field.5 Expected opinion evidence is used in order to assist the court and jury on matters which lie outside the experience or understanding of ordinary jurors or justices.6 If jurors or justices can be expected to understand evidence from their own view on any issue without such expert assistance, then expert testimony is not to be received, as was held in the case of Folkes v Chadd [1782].7 Trials operate on the premise that "courts and juries do not need psychiatrists to tell them how ordinary folk who are not suffering from mental illness are likely to react to the stresses of life."8 The case of R v Henry; R v Manning [1968] held that low IQ is not a mental illness and expert evidence was not admissible to explain behaviour where no mental illness exists.9 Expert evidence will ordinarily be considered necessary and admissible on matters of science, medicine, authenticity or questions of foreign law.10 There are also dangers with expert

A Plan To Sell Products

A Plan To Sell Products Merchandising, advertising, promotion, a plan to sell products, sales to the meet needs of customers, media planning are all well to be known as marketing. While these activities may be regarded as part of marketing, none of them is marketing itself. It is remarkable that there are two conditions that must be met before marketing is possible. Firstly, there must be a person or company that desires to sell a product or a service. Secondly, there is a need for potential buyers of the product or service. No matter which comes first, but both must exist. If both factors exist, marketing is the process or series of activities that the prospective purchaser of the product or service with the product or service. If there is a no problem in selling your product or service for profit, the marketing has been a success. If the problem is not to make profits, the marketing has failed. It is important to recognize, then that marketing is the sum of all activities related to bringing buyer and seller profitably together. 1.2 Introduction to Mauritius Mauritius was first explored by the Portuguese in the 16th century and subsequently settled by the Dutch who named it in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU in the 17th century. Uninhabited until the 17th century, the island was ruled first by the Dutch and then the French after the Dutch had abandoned it. The British took control during the Napoleonic Wars and Mauritius became independent from the UK in 1968. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic and is member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations. The main languages spoken in Mauritius are Mauritian Creole, French and English. English is the only official language but the lingua franca is Creole and the newspapers and television programs are usually in French. Ethnically, the majority of the population is Indian and there are also many people of African descent on the island and there are also European and Chinese minorities. It is the only African nation where the largest religion is Hinduism although Christianity and Islam also have significant populations. The dodo has been extinct since the mid-to-late 17th century 1.3 Introduction to Maradiva Maradiva Villas Resort Spa, Mauritius, (member of Leading Small Hotels of the World) is an exclusive haven of luxury spread over 27 scenic acres with 750 m of pristine beach. It overlooks the serene, blue waters of Tamarin Bay at Wolmar. The 65 Suite Villas (from 163 to 345 m ²) draw inspiration from the charming local architecture, each with a private pool adjoining a tranquil living-dining area, with the benefit of full butler service to ensure that every guest need is met. The villas are wonderfully spacious and include a large daylight bathroom with an indoor and an outdoor shower, a walk-in wardrobe, flat-screen television, DVD, music system, internet connectivity, espresso machine, personal bar and in-room safe. The blossoming park of Maradiva enhances already an appealing feature of the resort into a lush tropical garden with sculptured landscaping. The resort offers to its guests a choice between 65 picturesque villas with a private pool of their own. The following is a table depicting the various categories of rooms that the resort has to offer with their numbers: TYPE OF VILLAS NUMBER OF VILLAS Luxury Villas 46 Luxury Beachfront Villas 11 Luxury Suites Villas 6 Presidential Villas 2 Chapter 2 Micro Environment and Macro Environment 2.1 Micro Environment The micro environment includes internal factors close to the company that have a direct impact on the organizations strategy. These factors include: 2.1.1 Consumers The maximum numbers of consumers staying in the hotel are from France, then Europe, USA, Middle East, India and other countries. All the cliental from these places are of niche class. There are different types of clientele like corporate, Leisure, Business domestic clientele. Maradiva basically caters types of clientele they are: Corporate clients: since the hotel is well connected it has a huge corporate client Leisure Clients: since Maradiva is marketed as a leisure property it caters to many clients from around the global. Domestic clients: since the hotel is seasonal it offers a special rate of 14,000 MAU throughout the year for Mauritian guests. In this way it caters to the niche segment of the domestic clients (Source: From the hotel monthly Occupancy report) 2.1.2 Suppliers It is directly linked to the companys overall customer value delivery system. The suppliers provide resources to Maradiva to produce these services. If it faces any problems from suppliers it will directly affect the marketing strategies of the hotel. The local travels agents that Maradiva deals with are:- Mauritours The White Sand Tours Summer Times Elite Voyage Connections Expression holidays 2.1.3 Competitors Maradiva provides different strategies packages to generate customer value satisfaction. These strategies help them to compete with their competitors. The hotel by using these strategies must gain strategic advantage by positing their offerings strongly against competitors offerings. EXISTING ROOMS Maradiva Villas and spa, Mauritius 65 Four seasons, Mauritius 145 Sugar Beach resorts, Mauritius 258 Shanti Ananda Maurice 61 Sofitel imperial resort spa 191 Total 720 2.1.4 Media The modes of advertisements that are used there are printed media and the hoardings. In the printed media local newspapers were used and the local newspapers were Le Mauricien and l ´express. 2.2 Macro Environment 2.2.1Political 2.2.2 Economical GDP (2009 est., official exchange rate): $9.156 billion Real growth rate (2009 est.): 2.1% Per capita income (2009 est., purchasing power parity): $12,400 Avg. inflation rate (2009 est.): 3.4% Agriculture (4.5% of GDP): Productssugar, sugar derivatives, tea, tobacco, vegetables, fruits, flowers, cattle and fishing. Manufacturing, including export processing zone (19.4% of GDP): Typeslabor-intensive goods for export, including textiles and clothing, watches and clocks, jewelry, optical goods, toys and games, and cut flowers. Financial services: (10.9% of GDP) Tourism sector (8.7% of GDP): Main countries of originFrance, including nearby French island Reunion, South Africa, and west European countries. (Source: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2833.htm) 2.2.3 Social The forebears of the various ethnic groups composing Mauritian society arrived as settlers, slaves, indentured laborers, and immigrants. Ethnicity, religion, and language have been important factors in shaping the way Mauritians relate to each other in the social spheres. The Mauritian Constitution makes no mention of an official language and its one million citizens speak Mauritian Creole, a French-based Creole, English or French. It is only in the Parliament that the official language is English but any member of the National Assembly can still address the chair in French. Population: Island of Mauritius only: 1,288.2 (In Thousands 2009) Population growth rate: 0.7% Birth rate: 16.66 births/1,000 population (2000 est.) Death rate: 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.) Sex ratio: Total population: 98 male(s)/100 female Infant mortality rate: 17.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) Life expectancy at birth: Male: 66.98 years female: 75.04 years (2000 est.) Ethnic groups: Indian 68%, Creole 27%, Chinese 3%, French 2% Religions: Hinduism 52%, Christianity 28.3% (Roman Catholicism 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Islam 16.6%, other 3.1% Literacy: Total population: 82.9% male: 87.1% female: 78.8% (1995 est.) (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Mauritius, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/population.htm#tech) 2.2.4 Technological It is commonly assumed in the literature that the successful accumulation of technology in a given developing country depends only on access to new information, stable macroeconomic conditions, market-driven signals and the supply of human capital. Mauritius is an outlier in the African scene in terms of its trade, industrial and macroeconomic regime. From the 1970s, Mauritius followed a mixed trade policy of import substitution coupled with incentives for exports through the Export Processing Zone. There have been three phases of adjustment since the mid-1980s, each with a different pace and coverage. Industries also plays an important role in an economy, the main industries in Mauritius are textiles, chemicals, food processing, tourism, metal products, non-electrical machinery and transport equipment. The food processing industry in Mauritius is largely composed of sugar milling. The Sugar cane industry arrived in Mauritius in the year of 1639. There are so many sugar-cane fields in Mauritius. There is also now organic sugar production on the island. Textiles industries have been one of the major industries in Mauritius for past 30 years. The Chinese population is mainly responsible for the development of textile on the island. (Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ricky_Morgan Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2002 Firm Size, Technological Capabilities and Market-oriented Policies in Mauritius GANESHAN WIGNARAJA*) 2.2.5 Environmental In recent years, the United Nation Development Programme UNDP Environment Unit Mauritius has succeeded in mobilizing resources and increasing environmental sustainability in both Mauritius and Seychelles. The main achievements include: The adoption of a sustainable environmental management plan for an industrial estate that has served as a model for replication in other industrial estates; The creation of a co-management unit and the designation of a Marine Protected Area in Rodrigues; A comprehensive portfolio of Global Environment Facility (GEF) projects developed for implementation; Promotion of biodiversity conservation in Seychelles; Supporting the development of an Energy Policy for Mauritius Assessment of national capacity gaps for environmental management in Seychelles National Plan for phase out of POPs in Mauritius UNDP remains committed to the continuation and enhancement of support and local and regional initiatives so as to promote environmental protection in Mauritius, Seychelles and the region. (Source: http://un.intnet.mu/UNDP/html/mauritius/energy_env.htm#top) 2.2.6 Legal Governments objective is to transform Mauritius into an international financial and business hub built on strong foundations. A number of important legislations were passed over the past few years to ensure that the legislative framework meets all the international standards and also aimed at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of our financial services sector. Company law Business Facilitation (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2006 (Act No. 21 Of 2006) Business Registration Act 2002 Co-operatives (Amendment) Act 2006 (Act No. 6 Of 2006) Development Works Corporation (Repeal) Act 2007 (Act No. 1 Of 2007 Regulations made by the Minister under section 360 of the Companies Act 2001(purchase of own shares) Regulations made by the Minister under sections 355 and 360 of the Companies Act 2001 The Companies Act 2001 The Trust Act 2001 (Source: http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwemau.htm) Chapter 3 SWOT of Maradiva, Maurituis Strengths A perfect destination for honeymooners, with complete silent surrounding and privacy. Only all a la carte menu provided on the island. Offering a novel sort of idea to the customers An all villa concept Basic category of the villa starts from 163 m ², and is the largest square footage accommodation per room in Mauritius. Each Villa has its own private plunge pool. The Only resort with Ayurvedic Spa in Mauritius which is a big competitor for Shanti Ananda hotel Mauritius, who are world famous for their spas. Cilantro, one of its restaurants has a live teppanyaki Japanese Cuisine which is very famous all over Mauritius. Weakness Due to the removal of brand Taj, the product Maradiva is unknown to the market, and has to create its new position in the market. Proximity from the airport isnt that good; it takes more than an hour from the airport. The resort does not have a mix of rooms and villas, due to which it faces severe business losses in the slack season. Lack of qualified and trained personnel is a very big problem in Mauritius due to the reason that most of the staff members are employed just after the schooling. Location- the resort is on the west coast, whereas most of the hotels, water sports activities, places to visit are on the other side of the island. The hotel only carters to the niche customers. Opportunity The resort should target more guests from the Middle East. They should try and target the tourist from Russia, China and Switzerland. The growing interest of tourist looking for private holidays. Threat Upcoming five star hotels. Duplication of concept with minor changes by new upcoming hotels. Being on seashore it always has a danger of the high tide in the sea. Segmentation Market segmentation is the identification of portions of the market that are different from one another. Segmentation allows the firm to better satisfy the needs of its potential customers. Customers within any market rarely have similar needs and expectations. As the country of Mauritius had been under the rule of British French people the place still holds a lot of common ideologies thus making it a hit destination amongst the British and French Nationals. Based on this fact the resort segmented various markets of the world into key markets (UK, France, Germany, and Switzerland) and developing markets (India, Russia, South Africa, Australia). As Mauritius has been known as a Honeymooners Paradise so the hotel based in this fact has targeted young and affluent individuals who would like to have their wedding done or a honeymoon. Not only the young but the place is a hit even with the elderly people Targeting Targeting or Target market selection is the process of deciding which market segments of the company should actively pursue to generate sales. After segmenting it various customers into segments has then found out those market segments which are highly profitable. The resort inorder to tap the honeymoon and wedding market has come out with two explicit packages targeting those clients and are looking for a unique and distinctive experience. On more generic terms the resort looks at targeting key opinion makers, corporate leaders, well traveled discerning, who have experience of finest luxury products and services, disposed towards high end luxury goods, looking for unique/distinctive experiences. Positioning Positioning is done to develop a unique selling proposition for the target segment. Positioning is the reason why hotels exist and why customers miss the company if it were to cease operation. Maradiva positioned itself as a destination resort. A company must be very specific in terms of its intended positioning or unique selling proposition if it wants to stand out among the clutter of choices confronting its potential customers. Chapter 3 Marketing strategies of Maradiva Maradiva majorly depends on foreign tourism, which states that the marketing stratergies can never be over emphasized. Marketing departing had the bonus of getting in the customers to the resort through various means and techniques. Maradiva knew that it cannot replicate the various marketing strategies being applied by other hotels as they offer a different sort of product and need to think out of the box in order to formulate new marketing strategies. 3.1 Pay for few nights and stay for more! Maradiva not only resorted to market themselves in the form of offers but also marketed themselves in the form of various packages which are designed as per the guest needs and preferences. Various packages like free night offer which includes, the guest has to pay for five nights and stay for seven or pay for seven nights and stay for nine nights etc. such type of offers are called tactical offers. Maradiva is well aware of the booking patterns that take place and in accordance with the same; various offers are launched during lean as well as peak season. During periods of low occupancy these tactical offers are provided to boost sales from their key markets mainly the major tour operators who provide maximum business to the hotel. they are implemented with an idea of generating occupancy levels so as to keep the business running comfortably. The tactical offers are designed in such a way so as to garner maximum amount of business during lean season and to maintain the influx of guests during peak season. As the tactical offers are different for different tour operators and vary a lot with the country as well, in U.K (5nights=10nights); France ( one spa treatment per person); 3.2 Mauritian Promotional Offer A tool to capitalize on domestic market Mauritius even though is a small island and the potential of domestic tourism is not phenomenal but every marketer feels that there is an opportunity in every situation. There is no dearth of people who want to live a life of luxury or would want to spend a day or two at a place where they feel theres value for money. Taking all that into consideration the Sales Marketing team of the resort came up with an offer known as Mauritian Promotion Offer in order to attract some local niche clientele. The offer was officially launched in December 2006 as a tactical offer but later owing to its potential it was later upgraded to an all year round offer. The offer included a rate of MRU 14,000 per night for a Luxury Villa with pool, with a HB meal plan inclusive in the package. 3.3 Wedding and Honeymooners Maradiva is the perfect place for romantic luxurious holidays, the ideal love nest for newlyweds. During earlier times when the resort just came into being they had a basic and simple marketing strategy: to market the hotel as a wedding or a honeymoon destination among young couples in the form of wedding and honeymoon packages which would include the accommodation along with the various formalities that need to be performed which is taken care of by the guest relation manager. The guests are also provided with various facilities like candlelit dinner, champagne breakfast, and massage for the groom and various beauty treatments for the bride. The honeymoon package would constitute of providing a 50% discount on the brides twin sharing rate along with various added values like coffee scrub, candlelit dinner, champagne breakfast, rose petal bath etc. 3.4 Affiliation packages Maradiva is affiliated to Leading group of small hotels, Great hotels of the world, Leading Spas f the world which helps the resort to generate more room nights than its competitors. The customers had the choice of choosing the package amongst a wide array of packages depending on their needs. For example a guest could choose a 5 day Maradiva Spa Stress Relief and Relaxation which would spread across a span of 5 days and has been carefully designed inorder to provide absolute relaxation to the guest. The package would encompass things like Level 1 2 of Yoga Meditation, Yoga Nidra, Trataka, Aroma Bath + Scrub Wrap, Surya Namaskar and Pehlwan Malish. The resort also boosted of a Golf Package as the resort was in close proximity to the Tamarina Golf Course. Recommendation In this section the researcher has illustrated various marketing stratergies implemented by Maradiva, Mauritius; and the SWOT analysis done by the researcher on the marketing strategies would enlisting few recommendations based on the knowledge and experience garnered during the operational and project stage of understudy: Maradiva should look at penetrating other new emerging markets such as South Africa, Middle East, Australia, Russia and India by developing a holistic approach, with the use of explicit marketing tools catering in specific to the particular market. By doing so the resort would be able to remove the dependability factor on its few restricted key markets and in turn would help them in being better prepared for unforeseen situations. With the growing spending power of people in the developing countries it would not be wrong to target those people who prefer travelling abroad during holidays by having country specific holiday packages in order to profit from situation. The hotel needs to take into consideration various countries trend for holidays. Internal marketing: Hotels should practice internal marketing; the hotel should motivate their customer contact employees and all their service people to work as a team to provide customer satisfaction. External marketing: The sales marketing should have good communication skills and should provide more interactive sessions to their clients should be able to market the product efficiently. The resort has done a lot to their micro site but the researcher still feels that the website can be made more appealing by adding blogs, interactive event / activity calendars, hotel guest scrapbooks, photo sharing contests, testimonials which helps in generating interests site stickiness ultimately increase the bookings. The airfare for a place like Mauritius is quite expensive and this discourages budget travellers from coming to the country. A possible solution for this could be combinable offers with airlines like Air Mauritius and Emirates which could help create a new segment of customers for the hotel. The hotel from its side needs to establish a healthy relationship with such airlines so that offers such as room fare inclusive of airfare would entice customers to come to the hotel. In this tech savvy age the resort can also look at establishing a database of e mail id of their loyal customers and can optimally use the e mail marketing technique in order to reward customers and offer lower rates to them which do not generally feature on the website. Conclusions Marketing has been and would always be an integral part of the smooth functioning of a hotel. Without proper marketing strategies there wouldnt be any guests coming to the property or even if they would be the hotel would be targeting the wrong sort of clientele to cater to. Marketing in hospitality industry is a balanced form of being an art with a lot of science behind every decision being taken under its domain. A more common view is that marketing activities are prepared in order to inform the customers about the products that they may enjoy or that they may improve their life in some way. Few marketers also see it as an opportunity for specific reasons like encouraging repeat purchases and building brand loyalty and affinity. Mauritius, having a very small population with large number of hotels coming up hospitality personnel are not afraid of losing their jobs. Their attitude is laid back, with the habit of procrastinating things. In order to attract and retain repeat guests it is necessary to primarily retain honest and loyal service personnel. The main reason why Maradiva had to roll down its shutters was its inability to attract guests to occupy its villas. There were a few minor errors with the marketing aspect. It was the price that did not suit many tourists pocket. Maradiva also faced a problem of its inventory being less i.e.only has villas. Other five star hotels which had a mixture of villas and rooms did roaring business at the same time. This clearly goes to show that the hotel should have done a more precise market survey before going into such a loss.

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Author's Background: Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4th, 1804. Hawthorne lived poor due to his father's death when he was four, but he was helped by relatives and enrolled in college where he displayed an interest in writing. In college, he met a friend who would prove to be an invaluable help Franklin Pierce, future President of the United States. In 1825 he graduated and lived with his uncle in Salem for 12 years, devoting his time to reading, writing, and scrapping for publication. He spewed out several stories, but few sold for over $35 each. In 1837 Hawthorne took a job in the Custom-House in Boston. He grew bored with this work and the people around him, however, up to the point where he wrote The Custom House as an introduction to The Scarlet Letter. In this introduction he showed the dull life of working in a custom house. From the Custom-House, he left for Brooke Farm. During his time at Brooke Farm, he met such thinkers as Emmerson and Thoreau. He also met and courted Sophia Peabody, and left Brooke Farm with her in 1842 to stay at "Old Manse", the Emmerson homestead. When Emmerson returned to Old Manse, Hawthorne left and went to Salem to live with Sophia. From this point, Hawthorne won a job at the Salem Custom-House due to a political appointment from his college friend Franklin Pierce. However, when the political winds changed to Zachary Taylor, he lost his job and devoted himself to writing at his wife's insistence. The result was The Scarlet Letter, which was the beginning of a successful series of books including The House of Seven Gables in 1851, The Blithedale Romance in 1852, and Tanglewood Tales for Boys and Girls in 1853. With this success and the aid of President Franklin Pierce, he was appointed as US consul to Liverpool, England. This was a reward for writing Pierce's biography. Hawthorne's final years are sketchy. On a voyage back to Plymouth, New Hampshire, he became deathly ill and died on May 19, 1864. He was buried on Concord, Massachusetts. Literary Period and Setting Literary Period: Romanticism and Transcendentalism Setting: Boston, Massachusetts. USA 1842-1849 Characters Hester Prynne A) Hester was a beautiful young woman who lives in Boston, Massachusetts. She is proud and strong, but commits the sin of adultery with Reverend Dimmesdale while her husband is supposedly in England finishing up some work. Pearl is the product of this sin and Hester is forced to wear a scarlet letter "A" on her bosom for the rest of her life to show her sin. Isolated from the community, Hester is forced to rise a step higher than

Indian dance Essay

Kathak is the one of eight forms of Indian classical dances perform by men and women, originated from northern indian, known as kathakars or storytellers. The styles of dance have its unique character from the rhythmic footwork with rhythms that he or she stomps out barefoot on the floor, accented with many bells worn around the ankles ( and from seeing the guest artist I can say there were more than 100 bells around her ankles making lots of noise to go with the beats of the drum), spectacular spins, and also every dance piece has a story behind it. A traditional kathak performance features a solo dancer on a stage, surrounded on all sides by the audience. The repertoire includes amad ,the dramatic entrance of the dancer on stage. Male dancers perform in Persian costume of wide skirts and round caps, while female dancers wear a traditional Indian garment called a sari. Back in the day women are the one who preserved this traditional dance more than the men. Kathak are typically performs by one dancer surrounded by a group of musicians. The solo dancer performs the parts of all the characters in the story. For example the guest artist were going back and forth rapidly from one of her dance piece between two characters. She did it without changing her positions on stage, changes in gestures and facial expressions signal instantly which character they take on at that moment. Before the guest artist started her dance so did a pronom giving thanks to all five elements or also known as the god, space, wind, fire, water and earth. Dance is on the earth, the eyes wherever the eyes are the mind, where the mind there are feelings. The way Antara gave thank to the god were a little different from what we normally did in class, with more steps and she also added some singing and harmony into the rituals. Based on what Antara told us, kathak is a very intimate dance where it is a three ways conversation, between dancers with musicians and dancers with the audience. The tempo for kathak consist of 16 beats. Dancers sometime precise the beats while dancing. With kathak you can play with the rhythms, there is no set rhythms. Kathak consisted of a lot of feet movement and with that the bells around Antara added a more prominent movements. Even though the focused on her foot because of all the bells, we can still see that she’s using her upper body. The arms movement were very smooth and elegant, her eyes moved according to her hands gestures. Antara played the Theka which looked and sound like the accordion, along with singing and dancing. The Theka did not stop Antara from doing her incredible spins and keeping the tempo while doing all these things at once. Stomping her foot very fast and loud on the floor seems to be away for her to keep her tempo. Even when she was stomping her foot her hands and head was still doing a lot of movement to help tell the story. During her performance she uses a lot of phrases in Indian and it was hard for me to understand or catch what she was saying. But she later on explained that it is just like how we counts beats in america instead of using numbers, in Indian dance they used the language of the drums. Her right foot always ended in the front to help her keep up with the beat and also so that her body can face the audience and interacted with them. Her dance move was not all fast but it was very precise and very professional. Antara dances very elegant and somehow I can see her personality throw the way she moved the way she carry herself on all the dance pieces. She is a great dancer and a great guest artist for the style, she makes me want to learn more about the style and actually go see her performance in San Francisco.